Coffee

Coffee – the second most popular drink in the world after water, the main function of coffee is not refreshment; Many people drink it for the purpose of creating a feeling of euphoria.

According to a study by American chemist Joe Vinson of the University of Scranton, coffee is an important source of antioxidants for the body, a role that was previously only seen in fruits and vegetables. green. These substances also indirectly reduce the risk of cancer in humans.

History

Coffee (from the French word coffee) is a caffeinated black beverage produced from roasted coffee beans. Coffee was first used in the 9th century, when it was discovered from the highlands of Ethiopia. From there, it spread to Egypt and Yemen and by the 15th century to Armenia, Persia, Türkiye, and northern Africa. From the Muslim world, coffee came to Italy, then the rest of Europe, Indonesia and the United States. Today, coffee is one of the world’s most popular beverages.

The first coffee plantation in Vietnam was started by the French near Ke So, Tonkin in 1888. Arabica coffee (ie tea coffee) was grown on the riverside. After coffee cultivation spread to Phu Ly, Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Kon Tum and Di Linh areas.

Classify
The three main lines of coffee trees are:

Arabica – coffee and tea
Canephora (Robusta) – black coffee
Excelsa (Liberia) – jackfruit coffee

The quality or class of coffee varies depending on the type of tree, the type of bean, and the place where it is grown. Robusta coffee is undervalued compared to Arabica coffee due to its lower quality and lower price accordingly. The most expensive and rarest coffee in the world is called Kopi Luwak Coffee (or “weasel coffee”) from Vietnam and Indonesia. This is not a coffee variety but a way of preparing coffee using the civet’s digestive tract.

Coffee is divided into many types depending on how it is roasted. Roasting coffee is to reduce moisture in the beans, aroma oil is released. In the industry, coffee is roasted in large quantities using high heat for a short time (about 204 to 260 °C for 5 minutes) and then cooled by a fan or sprinkled with water to prevent burning.

People can roast coffee lightly and call it under the name Cinnamon roast (time about 7 minutes), medium roast (medium roast), also called full city or brown (time from 9 to 11 minutes) or deep roast. (full roast) ie French roasting time from 12 to 13 minutes. The most thorough roasting methods to make the beans shiny is the Italian roast (espresso), which takes 14 minutes or more until it starts to char.

Coffee is also distinguished by the way it is ground, finely ground or large, depending on how it is brewed. In the last hundred years, people have processed coffee powder, just put it in boiling water to drink. Ground coffee is prepared in two ways: freeze drying or spray drying. Both must be pre-filtered to remove the essence and then sprayed into tiny particles to dry. However, fastidious people still think that powdered coffee cannot be equal to brewed coffee.